What is the integral of sin(ln(x))?

The Mathematician — Fri, 31 Mar 2023 13:00:03 +0000

The integral of

\sin(\ln(x))

\frac{1}{2}(x\sin(\ln(x)) - x\cos(\ln(x))) + C

.

Solution. We want to determine the integral of

\sin(\ln(x))

\begin{align*} I = \int \sin(\ln(x)) dx. \end{align*}

Notice that we assign the above integral with

I

, as we will see later why. We will apply integration by parts which is:

\begin{align*} \int UdV = UV - \int VdU. \end{align*}

We will use the following functions:

\begin{align*} U = \sin(\ln(x)), \quad &dV = dx\\ dU = \frac{\cos(\ln(x))}{x}dx, \quad &V = x. \end{align*}

To see why we get

dU

, see here. So we get the following integral:

\begin{align*} \int \sin(\ln(x)) dx = x\sin(\ln(x)) - \int \cos(\ln(x))dx. \end{align*}

Now we integrate by parts again on the last integral with the following functions:

\begin{align*} U = \cos(\ln(x)), \quad &dV = dx\\ dU = \frac{-\sin(\ln(x))}{x}dx, \quad &V = x. \end{align*}

For an explanation of

dU

, see here. Therefore, combined with the previous integral, we get:

\begin{align*} \int \sin(\ln(x)) dx &= x\sin(\ln(x)) - \int \cos(\ln(x))dx \\ &= x\sin(\ln(x)) - (x\cos(\ln(x)) + \int \sin(\ln(x))dx) \\ &= x\sin(\ln(x)) - x\cos(\ln(x)) - \int \sin(\ln(x))dx \\ &= x\sin(\ln(x)) - x\cos(\ln(x)) - I. \end{align*}

Now we bring

I

to the left-hand side and divide by 2. So we finally get the integral we wanted:

\begin{align*} \int \sin(\ln(x)) dx = \frac{1}{2}x(\sin(\ln(x)) - \cos(\ln(x))) + C. \end{align*}

Therefore, the integral of

\sin(\ln(x))

\frac{1}{2}x(\sin(\ln(x)) - \cos(\ln(x))) + C

What is the derivative of sin(ln(x))?

The Mathematician — Thu, 23 Mar 2023 13:00:23 +0000

The derivative of

\sin(\ln(x))

\cos(\ln(x))/x

.

Solution. To determine the derivative

F(x) = f(g(x)) = \sin(\ln(x))

, we will use the chain rule:

\begin{align*} F'(x) = f'(g(x))g'(x), \end{align*}

where

f(u) = \sin(u)

and

g(x) = \ln(x)

. We have seen here

f'(u) = \cos(u)

and here that

g'(x) = \frac{1}{x}

. So we get:

\begin{align*} f'(g(x)) = \cos(g(x)) = \cos(\ln(x)). \end{align*}

Combining everything, we get:

\begin{align*} F'(x) &= f'(g(x))g'(x) \\ &= \cos(\ln(x))\frac{1}{x} \\ &= \frac{\cos(\ln(x))}{x}. \end{align*}

Therefore, the derivative of

\sin(\ln(x))

\cos(\ln(x))/x